Tuesday, March 27, 2012

Venus' dichotomy, and same azimuths

Event Date: March 28th
Time: 6:58(.55) PM (image 1: see why so odd, below), 8:00 (image 2)

Brief

Let's talk azimuth: a term that I have mentioned a few times so far since starting the blog.  "Az" a reminder, this term refers to the relation of a star or planet to the horizon, and changes by the split-second if keeping precise values.  If we base azimuth values by the hour, the change is even more dramatic; particularly for some that transit high in the sky.  This is why if two viewers in two time zones are on the phone with each other, using their altitude-azimuth telescopes, they have struggles when looking at the same part of the sky to find a star or planet.  The reason for any confusion among the two is simple: A person in New York for example, sees a star beginning to set in the west, while someone in California sees it higher in the sky, looking south.  It is also possible to see two bright objects at the nearly-exact same azimuth: Venus and Jupiter, at the time above, as seen from our location.  Viewers at other latitudes of this longitude see them close to the same azimuth as well, although at some of them too far south, Jupiter will have already be set.

Detailed

Since I was busy marveling at the pretty Pleiades star cluster over the last entry, I failed to talk more about Venus' greatest elongation from the Sun on the 26th.  Despite that, we will see Venus very close to the same elongation over the next few days, and still very high in the sky for the next few weeks.  Also, Venus reaches dichotomy tomorrow universal time (7 hours ahead of Pacific Daylight).  This link does a good job for showing Venus' phases, including those for when it becomes easily visible as a morning target in the early Summer.  http://www.curtrenz.com/venus08.html
Dichotomy is when the planet appears half lit.  With low magnifications this seems true.  However, with high magnification, we may see it very slightly more than that.  For some times, dichotomy doesn't happen until a week after greatest elongation.  This is not an error in calculation however; it is "inherent fuzziness" of the terminator on Venus' clouds, which are very thick and cover the entire surface;
The Schröter effect is one way to learn more about this, after the namesake German astronomer.

The first image refers back to the brief section, showing Jupiter and Venus at exactly the same azimuth; see Jupiter lower down, by 12.7º.


The second image shows Venus at 50% illuminated, very close to dichotomy, shown an hour later. Although the software cannot show the most realistic of images, including the Schröter effect, it does so enough to illustrate what the effect is talking about.  The magnification of Venus in that image is about 1,000x, to show a little more clearly.

*click on images to enlarge: courtesy of Starry Night Pro Plus, version 6.4.3, by Simulation Curriculum Corp.

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